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References to Applications

The more than 300 references below identify situations in which linear algebra plays a role.  Many of the references cited give additional details about the linear algebra connection.  Hyperlinked references will take you to the various Case Studies and Applications projects on this website.  Other references are to pages in the text.

Topic Areas
Biology and Ecology   |   Business and Economics   |    Computers and Computer Science
Control Theory   |   Electrical Engineering   |    Engineering   |   Mathematics
Numerical Linear Algebra   |   Physical Sciences   |    Statistics


Biology and Ecology     (Return to Top)
Estimating systolic blood pressure, 426
Laboratory animal trials, 296
Molecular modeling, 161
Net primary production of nutrients, 422
Nutrition problems, 93-94, 99, 100
Predator-prey system, 343-344, 350
Spotted owls and stage-matrix models, 301-302, 301, 349-352
Business and Economics    (Return to Top)
Accelerator-multiplier model, 286
Airline route maps, 114
Average cost curve, 422
Car rental fleet, 101,297
Cost vectors, 36
Equilibrium prices, 58, 63
Exchange table, 62, 63
Feasible set, 468
Gross domestic product, 157
Indifference curves, 469-470
Intermediate demand, 153
Investment, 287
Leontief exchange model, 1, 57-59
Leontief input-output model, 1, 152-158, 152
Loan amortization schedule, 287
Linear programming, 2, 95, 138
Marginal propensity to consume, 286
Markov chains, 288-298, 316
Manufacturing operations, 36-37, 79
Maximizing utility subject to a budget constraint, 468-470
Population movement, 97-99, 101, 289-290, 293, 297, 315-316
Price equation, 157
Total cost curve, 423
Value added vector, 157
Variable cost model, 425
Computers and Computer Science    (Return to Top)
Color monitors, 167
Computer graphics, 106, 158-167
Cray supercomputer, 138
Data storage, 46, 150
Error-detecting and error-correcting codes, 265
High-end computer graphics boards, 165
Homogeneous coordinateds, 159-160, 162
Parallel processing, 2, 115, 157
Perspective projections, 163-164, 164
Vector pipeline architecture, 138
Virtual reality, 161
VSLI microchips, 135
Wire-frame models, 105-106, 158
Control Theory     (Return to Top)
Controllable system, 300
Control systems engineering, 140, 215-216, 215
Decoupled system, 348, 354, 358
Deep space probe, 140
State-space model, 300, 342
Steady-state response, 342
Transfer function (matrix), 140, 147-148
Electrical Engineering    (Return to Top)
Branch and loop currents, 95, 97
Circuit design, 2, 147-148
Current flow in networks, 95-97, 100
Discrete-time signals, 218, 278
Inductance-capacitance circuit, 233
Kirchhoff's laws, 95, 97
Ladder network, 147-148, 150
Laplace transforms, 140, 202
Linear filters, 280-281, 286
Low-pass filter, 281, 417
Minimal realization, 148
Ohm's law, 95, 96, 97
RC circuit, 355-356
RLC circuit, 244, 360, 362
Series and shunt circuits, 147
Transfer matrix, 147-148, 150
Engineering    (Return to Top)
Aircraft performance, 426, 443
Boeing Blended Wing Body, 106
CFD and aircraft design, 105-106
Cantilevered beam, 286
Deflection of an elastic beam, 120, 128
Deformation of a material, 492
Equilibrium temperatures, 12, 102, 150
Flexibility and stiffness matrices, 120, 127-128
Heat conduction, 151
Image procssing, 447-448, 447, 483-484, 487-488
LU factorization and airflow, 106
Moving average filter, 286
Space shuttle control, 215-216, 215
Superposition principle, 77, 96, 354
Surveying, 373
Mathematics    (Return to Top)
Area and volume, 185, 204-209, 209, 312
Attractors/repellors in a dynamical system, 345-348, 352, 356, 361
Bessel's inequality, 444
Best approximation in function spaces, 431-432
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, 433
Conic sections and quadric surfaces, 461
Differential equations, 233, 353-363
Extrema for functions on several variables, 462
Fibonacci sequence, 325
Fourier series, 440-442
Hermite polynomials, 261
Hill Ciphers, 223
Interpolating polynomials, 27, 184
Isomorphism, 177, 251
Jacobian matrix, 209
Laguerre polynomials, 261
Laplace transforms, 140, 202
Legendre polynomials, 436
Linear transformations in calculus, 232-233, 329-330
Lucas sequence, 325
Slpines, 26
Triangle inequality, 433
Trigonometric polynomials, 440
Numerical Linear Algebra    (Return to Top)
Band matrix, 151
Block diagonal matrix, 138, 140
Cholesky factorization, 462, 492
Companion matrix, 372
Condition number, 131-132, 131, 133-134, 200, 445, 478
Effective rank, 268, 474
Floating point arithmetic, 10, 23, 211
Fundamental subspaces, 270, 380, 479
Givens rotation, 104
Gram matrix, 492
Hilbert matrix, 134
Householder reflection, 184, 444
Ill-conditioned matrix (problem), 131, 414
Inverse power method, 366-368
Iterative methods, 363-370
Jacobi's method for eigenvalues, 317
LAPACK, 115, 138
Large-scale problems, 106, 138, 374
LU factorization, 142-146, 149, 150, 486
Operation counts, 23, 125, 143-144, 146, 190, 195
Outer products, 117, 136
Parallel processing, 2, 116
Partial pivoting, 20, 146
Polar decomposition, 492
Power method, 363-366
Powers of a matrix, 114
Pseudoinverse, 480, 492
QR algorithm, 318, 368
QR factorization, 150, 405-407, 405, 445
Rank-revealing factorization, 150, 300, 486
Rank theorem, 265, 271
Rayleigh quotient, 369, 445
Relative error, 445
Schur complement, 139
Schur factorization, 445
Singular value decomposition, 150, 447, 471-482
Spare matrix, 106, 155, 195
Spectral decomposition, 453
Spectral factorization, 150
Tridiagonal matrix, 151
Vandermonde matrix, 184, 212, 372
Vector pipeline architecture, 138
Physical Sciences    (Return to Top)
Cantilevered beam, 286
Center of gravity, 39
Chemical reaction, 59-60, 63
Crystal lattice, 248, 255
Decomposing a force, 389
Digitally recorded sound, 278
Gaussian elimination, 14
Hooke's law, 120
Interpolating polynomial, 26, 184
Kepler's first law, 426
Landsat image, 447
Linear models in geology and geography, 423-424
Mass estimates for radioactive substances, 425
Mass-spring system, 223-224, 244
Model for glacial cirques, 423
Model for soil pH, 423
Pauli spin matrices, 183
Periodic motion, 335
Quadratic form in physics, 456
Radar data, 140
Seismic data, 2
Space probe, 140
Steady-state heat flow, 12, 101, 150
Superposition principle, 77, 96, 354
Three-movement equation, 286
Traffic flow, 61-62, 64
Trend surface, 423
Weather, 296
Wind tunnel experiment, 27
Statistics    (Return to Top)
Analysis of variance, 412
Covariance, 484-485, 489
Full rank, 270
Helmert blocking, 374
Least-squares error, 413
Least-squares line, 373, 419-421
Linear model in statistics, 419-425
Markov chains, 288-298, 310
Mean-deviation form for data, 421, 484
Moore-Penrose inverse, 480
Multichannel image processing, 447-448, 483-484, 489
Multiple regression, 423-424
Orthogonal polynomials, 431
Orthogonal regression, 491
Powers of a matrix, 114
Principal component analysis, 447-448, 485-487
Quadratic forms in statistics, 456
Readjusting the North American Datum, 373-374
Regression coefficients, 419
Sums of squares (in regression), 427, 437-438
Trend analysis, 438-440
Variance, 427, 485
Weighted least-squares, 428, 436-438









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