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This chapter introduces the important elements of the respiratory system, including functions, organization, and respiratory physiology. The respiratory system is an integrated system of organs involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment. Also included in Chapter 15 is a discussion of the control of respiration and the effects of aging on this system. Review of Chapter Objectives (with page no. references to text): 1. Describe the primary functions of the respiratory system. (p. 458) 2. Explain how the delicate respiratory exchange surfaces are protected from pathogens, debris, and other hazards. (p. 459) 3. Relate respiratory functions to the structural specializations of the tissues and organs in the system. (pp. 459–467) 4. Describe the physical principles governing the movement of air into the lungs and the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood. (pp. 469–472) 5. Describe the actions of respiratory muscles on respiratory movements. (p. 469) 6. Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood. (pp. 473–474) 7. Describe the major factors that influence the rate of respiration. (pp. 475–479) 8. Identify the reflexes that regulate respiration. (p. 477) 9. Describe the changes that occur in the respiratory system at birth and with aging. (p. 479) 10. Discuss the interrelationships among the respiratory system and other systems. (p. 480)
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