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This chapter reviews the functions and organization of the urinary system. Important subjects included in Chapter 18 are renal physiology and urine transport; storage and elimination; fluid, electrolyte and acid–base balance; and the effects of aging on the system. Review of Chapter Objectives (with page no. references to text): 1. Identify the components of the urinary system and their functions. (p. 548) 2. Describe the structural features of the kidneys. (p. 550) 3. Describe the structure of the nephron and the processes involved in urine formation. (p. 551) 4. Trace the path of blood flow through a kidney. (p. 554) 5. List and describe the factors that influence filtration pressure and the rate of filtrate formation. (p. 556) 6. Describe the changes that occur in the tubular fluid as it moves through the nephron and exits as urine. (p. 559) 7. Describe the structures and functions of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. (p. 562) 8. Discuss the process of urination and how it is controlled. (pp. 563–564) 9. Explain how the urinary system interacts with other body systems to maintain homeostasis in body fluids. (p. 564) 10. Describe how water and electrolytes are distributed within the body. (p. 566) 11. Explain the basic concepts involved in the control of fluid and electrolyte regulation. (p. 568) 12. Explain the buffering systems that balance the pH of the intracellular and extracellular fluids. (pp. 569–572) 13. Describe the effects of aging on the urinary system. (p. 573)
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