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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
Chapter Mini-Quizzes
Learning Outcome 12-4
Learning Outcome 12-4
Define cardiac output, describe the factors that influence heart rate and stroke volume, and explain how adjustments in stroke volume and cardiac output are coordinated at different levels of physical activity.
Key:
Level 1: Reviewing Facts and Terms
Level 2: Reviewing Concepts
Level 3: Critical Thinking
This activity contains 8 questions.
The cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata respond to changes in
and in the arterial concentrations of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide. [Level 3]
Label the structural features in the accompanying diagram depicting the autonomic innervation of the heart. [Level 1]
For each item below, use the pull-down menu to select the letter that labels the correct part of the image.
2.1 Sympathetic preganglionic fiber
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.2 Cardioacceleratory center
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.3 Synapses in cardiac plexus
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.4 Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.5 Vagus nerve (N X)
A
B
C
D
E
F
2.6 Cardioinhibitory center
A
B
C
D
E
F
Discuss the Frank-Starling principle. [Level 3]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
In which of the following clinical conditions do cardiac muscle cells become extremely excitable? [Level 2]
hypercalcemia
hyperkalemia
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
The duration of ventricular diastole (filling time) depends primarily on which of the following factors? [Level 2]
heart rate
extracellular ions
blood pressure
hormones
body temperature
blood volume reflexes
Explain why changes in emotional state have an immediate effect on heart rate? [Level 3]
To create paragraphs in your essay response, type <p> at the beginning of the paragraph, and </p> at the end.
The Bainbridge reflex involves adjustments in heart rate in response to an increase in the
. [Level 2]
Which of the following events induce(s) the cardiac centers to call for an increase in cardiac output? [Level 2]
a decrease in blood pressure and O
2
concentrations
a decrease in O
2
concentrations
a decrease in blood pressure
an increase in CO
2
levels
all of the above
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