Reviewing Concepts: Multiple-Choice

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Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure

This activity contains 14 questions.

Which of the following statements about compact and spongy bone is FALSE?

Even bones that are mainly spongy bone tissue contain a surface layer of compact bone.Osteons are arranged parallel to the long axis of the central canal, along lines of stress.Both types of bone contain collagen fibers as well as calcium salts in their matrix.Perforating canals are perpendicular to central canals in compact bone.Spongy bones are not covered by a periosteum.

Which of these structures would be located in spongy bone?

central canaltrabeculaeperiosteumperforating canal

Which of the following statements about rickets is NOT correct?

Bones are poorly mineralized, leading to increased flexibility of the bone structures.A deficiency of Vitamin D₃ causes rickets.Increasing the level of vitamin C in the diet is sufficient to treat rickets. Long bones, such as the femur, tend to bow laterally because of an inability to bear the weight of the torso and upper body.

Which of the following statements about endochondral ossification is NOT correct?

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage remains at the caps of the bones to reduce friction at articulation points. Osteoclasts migrate into the epiphyseal regions of long bones to create medullary cavities in the ends of the bones.During embryonic development, the growth of blood vessels into the perichondrium of the hyaline cartilage structures stimulates the formation of a layer of bone in the diaphyseal region. The production of sex hormones during puberty increases osteoblast activity at the epiphyseal plates, causing the osteoblasts to lay down bone at a faster rate than the hyaline cartilage can expand.

Which of the following statements about bone development is FALSE?

Both kinds of ossification produce spongy and compact bone in the final bone product.In both intramembranous and endochondral ossification, chondrocytes die as calcification occurs.Most bones of the body form by endochondral ossification.Intramembranous bones that develop in abnormal locations are called heterotopic or ectopic bones.An ossification center develops in both endochondral and intramembranous ossification.

Which of the following statements about hormones and their effects on bones is INCORRECT?

A lack of calcitriol production in the kidneys could lead to a decrease in the amounts of calcium and phosphate ions absorbed in the digestive tract.Estrogen causes earlier epiphyseal line formation than does testosterone, leading to typically shorter heights for women than for men. Growth hormone production stimulates osteoclast activity.Thyroxine and growth hormone together cause an increase in osteoblast activity, leading to the creation of more bone matrix. Calcitonin from the thyroid causes a decrease in calcium levels in body fluids and a decrease in osteoclast activity.

Which of these is NOT a major blood vessel of a typical bone?

diaphyseal vesselperiosteal vesselnutrient veinnutrient arterymetaphyseal vessel

Which of the following statements about bone formation and resorption is INCORRECT?

Once adults reach maturity, their bones no longer undergo the remodeling process. Exposure to the ions of a heavy metal like uranium might lead to the deposition of those ions in bone, instead of calcium.In articulation areas, such as the head of the femur or humerus, bone remodeling happens more frequently than in the diaphyses of those bones. An imbalance of osteoclast and osteoblast activity, in which osteoclasts become more active than osteoblasts, leads to bones less able to resist physical stresses. The process of remodeling bones involves the removal of older mineral deposits at the same time that circulating minerals are being added to the matrix.

Which of these vitamins is NOT important in bone growth and maintenance?

vitamin Cvitamin B₃vitamin B₁₂vitamin D₃

Which of these fracture types is INCORRECTLY described?

Pott's fracture; break is in both bones of the lower leg at the anklecompression fracture; only one side of the shaft is broken, the other is bentcomminuted fracture; bone shatters into many fragmentstransverse fracture; breaks the shaft of a bone across its long axis

Which of the following statements about bone markings is FALSE?

A head is the expanded articular end of an epiphysis, at the end of a neck.A trochanter is a large, rough projection.A tubercle is a small, rounded projection.A tuberosity is a pointed process.A facet is a small, flat articular surface.

Which of the labeled cells are responsible for breaking down bone tissue but do not originate from osteoprogenitor cells?

osteocyteosteoidosteoblastosteoclast

Which labeled structure is continuous with the joint capsule?

Sharpey's fibersperiosteumendosteumcircumferential lamellae

Which of the following statements correctly describes gigantism?

The anterior pituitary does not release growth hormone.An excess production of cartilage occurs at the epiphyseal cartilages. An excess of growth hormone is released after the epiphyseal lines have formed. An excess of growth hormone is released before the epiphyseal lines have formed.

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