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Chapter 14

Self-Study Quiz

Self-Study Quiz

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This activity contains 17 questions.

	____________ is the transfer of thermal energy between an object and an external fluid that is moving (e.g., water or air).   Conduction Convection Evaporation Radiation

	The ______________ describes the relationship of parameters involved with the emission of radiant heat from an animal.   Bergmann's rule Allen's rule Stefan-Boltzmann equation Fourier's equation

	A(n) _____________ is an animal that has a relatively variable body temperature, whereas a ___________ is an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature.   endotherm; ectotherm Ectotherm; endotherm homeotherm; poikilotherm poikilotherm; homeotherm

	An animal that generates internal heat to establish a body temperature that may not remain constant is termed a(n)   endothermic poikilotherm. ectothermic poikilotherm. endothermic homeotherm. ectothermic homeotherm.

	The ____________ of a resting homeothermic endotherm is the range of ambient temperatures where metabolic rate is minimal.   upper critical temperature zone thermoneutral zone lower critical temperature zone eurythermic zone

	Which of the following changes would result in a more fluid membrane?   Lengthening of fatty acid chain length. Increasing the number of double-bonds within the fatty acid chain. Reducing the level of cholesterol. Decreasing the ambient temperature.

	Which of the following statements about the effects of temperature on enzyme kinetics is false?   Warmer temperatures can break weak molecular bonds that are necessary to fold the protein in a way that forms the active site. Temperature changes can alter the ionization state of critical amino acids within the active site, which can alter enzyme substrate affinity (i.e., Km). Temperature changes can alter the ability of the enzyme to undergo structural changes that are necessary for catalysis. A temperature change of more than 10 degrees (Celsius) results in complete destruction of most enzymes.

	How do the enzymes of a psychotroph differ from those of a mesotroph?   Psychotroph enzymes have more weak bonds that provide a more stable structure. Psychotroph enzymes are more efficient at warmer temperatures than mesotroph enzymes. Psychotroph enzymes have fewer weak bonds than mesotroph enzymes, which allows the proteins to breathe more easily at lower temperatures. Psychotroph enzymes occupy a smaller volume at lower temperatures, compared to mesotroph enzymes.

	Many cells exposed to extreme temperatures undergo a _____________, which leads to a dramatic increase in the levels of specific proteins that help repair damaged proteins.   metabolic cold adaptation heat shock response Q10 effect nucleator effect

	What is the function of nucleators in freeze-tolerant animals?   Nucleators prohibit the formation of ice crystals within cells. Nucleators control the location and kinetics of ice crystal growth. Nucleators increase the metabolic rate of the animal to keep it from freezing. Nucleators are hormones that induce changes in the expression of enzyme proteins that are more tolerant of cold temperatures.

	Which of the following statements about antifreeze proteins is false?   Antifreeze proteins can prevent intracellular ice formation. Antifreeze proteins bind to the surface of ice crystals to prevent their growth. Antifreeze proteins have been identified in fish, insects, and plants. Antifreeze proteins have been identified in only one order of fish.

	_________________ is the process in which skeletal muscle contractions are used to generate heat during short periods of cold exposure.   Shivering thermogenesis Non-shivering thermogenesis Thermogenin Homeothermy

	Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that allows insects to warm their thorax prior to flight?   A metabolic futile cycle in carbohydrate metabolism. Simultaneous contraction of antagonistic flight muscles. Expression of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue. Wing movement.

	When _____________ is inserted into the inner mitochondrial membrane, it accentuates mitochondrial proton leak and dissipates the proton motive force.   thermogenin Na+/K+ ATPase BAT cholesterol

	The ____________ is(are) the thermal control center of mammals. It interprets signals from peripheral and central thermosensitive neurons and sends neuronal signals to other tissues, altering heat flux.   hypothalamus spinal cord skin neurons sweat glands

	What is a countercurrent heat exchanger?   A section of the hypothalamus that regulates vascular tone and dictates the rate of blood flow. An arrangement of the vasculature that allows heat from the blood in one vessel to be transferred to the blood in another vessel. An arrangement of fish gills that allows heat from the surrounding water to be transferred to the inner core of the organism. A series of nerves along the lateral line of a fish that detect changes in ambient temperature.

	Which of the following statements is false?   Two examples of heat loss through ventilation are gular fluttering in birds, and panting in mammals. An example of relaxed endothermy is the drop in body temperature of a hibernating mammal. A fever is induced by chemical messengers called pyrogens. Smaller animals tend to rely on sweating to enhance evaporative cooling.

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